US consumer prices increased more than expected in September and underlying inflation pressures continued to build up, reinforcing expectations that the Federal Reserve will deliver a fourth 75-basis points interest rate hike next month.
The consumer price index rose 0.4 per cent last month after gaining 0.1 per cent in August, the Labor Department said on Thursday. Economists polled by Reuters had forecast the CPI climbing 0.2 per cent.
In the 12 months through September, the CPI increased 8.2 per cent after rising 8.3 per cent in August. The annual CPI peaked at 9.1 per cent in June, which was the biggest advance since November 1981.
Despite the continued moderation as supply chains ease and oil prices retreat from the highs seen in the spring, inflation is running way above the Fed’s 2 per cent target.
Gasoline prices have likely bottomed following last week’s decision by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries and allies to cut oil production. Russia’s war against Ukraine poses an upside risk to food prices.
Stubbornly high inflation and a tight labor market allow the US central bank to maintain its aggressive monetary policy stance for a while. The government last week reported solid job growth in September, with the unemployment rate falling back to a pre-pandemic low of 3.5 per cent from 3.7 per cent in August.
Financial markets have almost priced in another three-quarters of a percentage point rate increase at the Fed’s November 1-2 policy meeting, according to CME’s FedWatch Tool.
The Fed has since March hiked its policy rate from near zero to the current range of 3 per cent to 3.25 per cent. Minutes of the Fed’s Sept. 20-21 meeting published on Wednesday showed policymakers “expected inflation pressures to persist in the near term.”
Excluding the volatile food and energy components, the CPI climbed 0.6 per cent in September after rising 0.6 per cent in August. The so-called core CPI jumped 6.6 per cent in the 12 months through September. The core CPI rose 6.3 per cent year-on-year in August.
Underlying inflation is being largely driven by higher costs for rental accommodation. Government data on Wednesday showed the weakest reading in producer core goods prices in nearly 2-1/2 years in September. The pass through from producer to consumer inflation could, however, probably take a while.
Some of the inflation pressures are coming from the tight labor market. A second report from the Labor Department on Thursday showed the number of Americans filing new claims for unemployment benefits increased moderately last week. Initial claims for state unemployment benefits rose 9,000 to a seasonally adjusted 228,000 for the week ended October 8.
Economists had forecast 225,000 applications for the latest week. The labor market remains tight. There were 1.7 job openings for every unemployed person on the last day of August, and layoffs also remain low.
The Fed’s September meeting minutes also showed policymakers “anticipated that the supply and demand imbalances in the labor market would gradually diminish,” and “that the transition toward a softer labor market would be accompanied by an increase in the unemployment rate.”
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