How to Know if You Are Mentally Ill

Understanding Mental Illness

Understand that mental illness is not your fault. Society often stigmatizes mental illness and those who suffer from it, and it can be easy to believe that the reason you have problems is because you're worthless or not working hard enough. This is not true. If you do have a mental illness, it is the result of a health condition, not personal failings or anything else. A good medical or mental health professional should never make you feel as though you're to blame for your illness, and neither should other people in your life -- or yourself.

Understand possible biological risk factors. There is no single cause for mental illness, but there are a variety of biological factors that are known to alter brain chemistry and cause hormone imbalances. Genetic makeup. Some mental illnesses, such as schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, and depression, are strongly linked to genetics. If anyone else in your family has been diagnosed with mental illness, you may be more vulnerable to developing one due simply to your genetic makeup. Physiological damage. Injuries such as severe head trauma, or exposure to viruses, bacteria, or toxins during fetal development, can lead to mental illness. Abuse of illegal drugs and/or alcohol can also cause or worsen mental illness. Chronic medical conditions. Chronic medical conditions, such as cancer and other long-term severe illnesses, can elevate your risk for developing mental illnesses such as anxiety and depression.

Understand possible environmental risk factors. Some mental illnesses, such as anxiety and depression, are strongly linked to your personal environment and sense of well-being. Disruptions and instability can cause or worsen mental illness. Difficult life experiences. Highly emotional or distressing situations in life can trigger mental illness in a person. This can be concentrated in a moment, such as the loss of a loved one, or drawn out, such as a history of sexual, physical, or emotional abuse. Experience in combat or as an emergency responder can also trigger mental illness. Stress. Stress can worsen existing mental illness and can also cause mental illnesses such as depression or anxiety. Family conflicts, financial difficulties, and work concerns can all be sources of stress. Loneliness. Not having a strong support network, having few friends, and lacking healthy relationships can trigger or worsen mental illness.

Recognize mental warning signs and symptoms. Some mental illnesses are present from birth, but others develop over time or appear quite suddenly. The following are symptoms that can be warning signs of mental illnesses: Feelings of sadness or irritability Feelings of confusion or disorientation Feelings of apathy or loss of interest Excessive worrying and anger/hostility/violence Feeling afraid/paranoia Trouble coping with emotions Difficulty concentrating Difficulty handling responsibilities Seclusion or social withdrawal Sleeping problems Delusions and/or hallucinations Ideas that are strange, grandiose, or detached from reality Alcohol or drug abuse Significant changes in eating habits or sex drive Suicidal thoughts or plans

Recognize physical warning signs and symptoms. Sometimes, physical symptoms can serve as warnings for the presence of mental illness. If you have symptoms that persist, seek medical help. Warning symptoms include: Fatigue Back, chest, and/or pains Rapid heart rate Dry mouth Digestive problems Headaches Sweating Drastic changes in weight Dizziness Dramatic changes in sleep patterns

Determine how drastic your symptoms are. Many of these symptoms appear in response to day-to-day events, and are thus not necessarily indicators that you are mentally ill. You should be wary if they do not go away, and, more importantly, if they negatively impact your ability to function in day-to-day life. Never be afraid to seek professional medical help.

Seeking Professional Help

Understand the types of help available. There are many trained professionals in the area of mental health, and while their roles often overlap, each field has its own specialties. Psychiatrists are medical doctors who have completed a psychiatric residency. They are the most extensively trained psychological professionals and are usually the best source to help you manage prescription medications. They are also trained in the diagnosis of mental illnesses, including severe illnesses such as schizophrenia and bipolar disorder. Clinical Psychologists have a doctoral degree in psychology and have usually completed internships or residencies in mental health facilities. They can diagnose mental illnesses, administer psychological tests, and provide psychotherapy. Unless they have a special license, they usually cannot write prescriptions. Psychiatric or Mental Health Nurse Practitioners have at least a master’s degree and specialized training in mental health. They can diagnose mental illnesses and prescribe medication. In some cases they can also provide psychotherapy. Depending on your state, they may be required to work in conjunction with a psychiatrist. Social Workers have at least a master’s degree in social work. Licensed Clinical Social Workers have completed internships or residencies in mental health facilities and have had training in mental health counseling. They can provide therapy but cannot prescribe medications. They are usually very familiar with social support systems and resources. Counselors have a graduate degree in counseling and have usually completed internships in mental health facilities. They tend to focus on particular mental health issues such as addictions and substance abuse, although they can provide counseling for a variety of mental health issues. They cannot prescribe medications, and in many states they cannot diagnose mental illness. Physicians usually do not have extensive training in mental health, but they can prescribe medications and can also help you manage your holistic health.

Visit your physician. Some mental illnesses, such as anxiety and depression, can often be effectively treated with prescription medication that your personal doctor may be able to prescribe. Talk with your doctor about your symptoms and share your concerns. Your doctor may also be able to refer you to a trained mental health professional in your area. An official mental health diagnosis is required for individuals to apply for Social Security psychiatric disability support and to ensure that you are protected under the Americans with Disabilities Act.

Contact your health insurance company. If you live in the United States, you probably pay for health insurance coverage. Call your insurance company and ask for the contact information for mental health professionals in your area who accept your insurance plan. Be sure to clarify any specific requirements of your insurance plan. For example, you may need to obtain a referral from your primary doctor to see a psychiatrist, or there may be certain session limits placed on therapy. If you do not have health insurance, look for a community mental health center in your area. These centers often provide free or very low-cost treatment to low-income or uninsured individuals. Some large universities and medical schools also have low-cost clinics.

Schedule an appointment. Depending on your area, you may need to wait between a few days to a few months to get an appointment with a mental health professional, so book your appointment as soon as possible. Ask to join the waitlist or cancellation list, if they have one, so that you have a chance of securing an earlier appointment. If you are experiencing suicidal thoughts or plans, seek help immediately. If you're in the United States, the 988 Suicide and Crisis Lifeline is available to call, free of charge, 24 hours a day, 7 days a week. If you're outside of the United States, contact your country's suicide prevention hotline. You can also contact emergency services by dialing 911 (or your local equivalent).

Ask questions. You should feel free to ask questions of your mental health care provider. If you don’t understand something or want clarification, ask. You should also ask questions about potential treatment options, such as the types and durations of therapy available, and what sorts of medication you may require. Be very open and honest with your therapist about the symptoms you're feeling. Also, ask about your treatment options, like medication, herbal remedies, or newer treatments in the field. In addition, ask about the prognosis for your condition. Many psychiatric diagnoses are not curable, so be curious about how long you might be in treatment or whether it will last indefinitely, as well as how long you might need to take a medication or whether it's addictive. You should also ask your provider what you can do to help the process. While you cannot cure or treat mental illness on your own, there are things you can do to help promote your own mental health; discuss these with your provider.

Consider your interaction with your provider. The relationship between you and your therapist should feel safe, welcoming, and comfortable. You will probably feel very vulnerable on your first visit. Your therapist may ask you uncomfortable questions or ask you to think about uncomfortable issues, but s/he should still make you feel secure, valued, and welcomed.

Coping With Mental Illness

Avoid judging yourself. It is common for people suffering from mental illnesses, especially those like depression and anxiety, to feel as though they should be able to just “snap out of it.” However, just as you wouldn’t expect yourself to “snap out of” diabetes or heart disease, you shouldn’t judge yourself because you’re struggling with mental illness.

Establish a support network. Having a network of people who accept and support you is important for everyone, but especially if you’re dealing with a mental illness. Friends and family are good places to start. There are also many support groups available. Check for a support group in your community, or find one online. The National Alliance on Mental Illness (NAMI) is a good place to start. They have a help-line and a directory of support resources.

Consider meditation or mindfulness training. While meditation cannot replace qualified professional help and/or medication, it can help you manage the symptoms of certain mental illnesses, particularly those related to addiction and substance abuse or anxiety. Mindfulness and meditation emphasize the importance of acceptance and presence, which can help alleviate stress. You may find it helpful to seek instruction from a trained meditation or mindfulness expert first and then continue on your own. NAMI, mindful.org, and howtomeditate.org all provide tips for learning how to meditate.

Keep a journal. Keeping a journal of your thoughts and experiences can help you in several ways. Writing down negative thoughts or anxieties may help you stop focusing on them. Keeping track of what triggers a particular experience or symptom will help your mental health provider give you the best care. It can also allow you to explore your emotions in a safe way.

Maintain good diet and exercise habits. While diet and exercise cannot prevent mental illness, they can help you manage your symptoms. Maintaining a regular schedule and getting enough sleep are particularly important if you have a severe mental illness such as schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. You may need to be particularly mindful of your diet and exercise habits if you have an eating disorder such as anorexia, bulimia, or binge-eating. Consult with a professional to ensure that you are maintaining healthy habits.

Limit your alcohol consumption. Alcohol is a depressant and can have significant influence on your feelings of well-being. If you are having trouble with an illness such as depression or substance abuse, alcohol may be something you should stay away from altogether. If you do consume alcohol, drink in moderation: usually, 2 glasses of wine, 2 beers, or 2 shots of liquor per day for women and 3 for men. Alcohol should not be consumed at all while you are on certain prescription medications. Talk with your prescribing physician about how to manage your medications.